This summer poem mentions Afternoon Tea, one of England’s most famous gifts to the rest of the world. And before we end our brief sojourn in London and venture on to Paris and beyond, I wish to contradict a widely held belief that, other than Afternoon Tea, English food is terrible. American tourists in the Twentieth Century were well known for returning from England with complaints about soggy Fish and Chips wrapped in a puddle of grease in old newspapers along with a pathetic pile of mashed peas. Times have changed! London has become a foodie paradise, thanks to Globalism and the influx of immigrants from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Mediterranean areas, including Italy! There is nothing like diversity to improve the food of any culture, inspiring both home cooks and professional chefs to introduce new ingredients and fusion food preparations into existing culinary traditions.

The traditional English Breakfast is a perfect example of this immigrant-inspired transformation. Our breakfasts at the time-honored Savoy Hotel in London guaranteed that we were going to have a good day. The generous breakfasts served in the Thames Foyer and the River Restaurant offered all of the elements of the world-famous hearty breakfast that the British have enjoyed for generations. The English Breakfast that Wayne ordered included:
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What is Stornoway Black Pudding, you ask? Well, it’s not a dessert. It’s a traditional Scottish blood sausage, produced on the Isle of Lewis and containing beef suet, oatmeal, onion and blood. (I overheard several guests at the Savoy, all with American accents, asking the waiters to omit this item from their English Breakfast.)

While this breakfast epitomizes historic British fare, additional items reflecting a wider range of provenance were included in this meal. The moment we sat down at our breakfast table, a server with a pitcher of freshly squeezed orange juice in one hand and a pitcher of fresh grapefruit juice in the other arrived, offering us as much of either juice as we wanted throughout the meal. The hot beverages we were offered included not just tea, but a variety of coffees, including Cappuccino. Influences from Spain and Italy are already apparent. If fine food is being served, can French influences be far behind? Before we even read the menu, our server offered us a basket of freshly baked and still warm croissants, including dark chocolate croissants, Danish pastries with fruit fillings and homemade muffins, with generous amounts of butter, marmalade, honey and jam. When breakfast arrived, guests could choose either white, whole meal, sourdough, English muffin or granary toast. Again, the wider world is adding delightful innovations to an already delicious meal.

The Savoy Vegetarian Breakfast that I ordered also reflected Asian and Mediterranean influences while including the fresh juices, coffee choices and abundant pastry selections. Here’s what I had for breakfast:

I noticed that avocados appeared several times on the Savoy menu, as Crushed Avocado Toasts and other delicious sounding items. The crushed avocado I ate was excellent, and I have learned that the British import avocados from Chile, Israel, Spain, Peru and South Africa. The vast majority of the oranges consumed in England come from Spain. Tofu, of course, is of Chinese origin, and Asian influences are now ubiquitous in England. Before we move on, I invite you to read the essay, “Eating with Immigrants,” which I included in my very first blog in June of 2016. This essay appeared in the college English textbook, Visions Across the Americas,” by J. Sterling Warner, and has been read over the years by thousands of college students. I hope it helped them to appreciate multi-national foods and the rich artistic, historic and social diversity that immigrants bring, enriching the culture of their new homes.
 
One Asian food adventure we especially enjoyed on our last day in London was a fascinating
“Secret Indian Foodie Tour of London.” Wayne and I walked through the White Chapel neighborhood, to a Bengali speaking Bangladeshi community centered around Brick Lane, where mothers in burkas, walked amiably with their children, doing the family grocery shopping in a variety of specialized food and spice markets, fruit and vegetable stands, butcher shops and sweets shops, amid a flurry of other activities centered around businesses, clubs and art galleries on this lively spring afternoon.
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​Here we met our guide, a delightful young woman of Welsh and Bangladeshi descent who had a Master’s Degree from Cambridge in Social Anthropology. She was a treasure trove of information on Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Indian culture. We learned as we walked, and we ate lots of fabulous food in various locations along the way. First, we stopped at an excellent restaurant, all run my men, where we enjoyed some delicious garlic nan with chili flavored cassava and fried river fish. The chef let us tour the kitchen and watch him make nan (east Asian flat bread) in the tandoor, a vertical, round extremely high-heat oven. We also got to view the huge simmering pots of lamb, dal (spiced lentils) and so many other dishes being prepared for the evening’s dinner. The staff was also making ground lamb kabobs, which Wayne enjoyed along with the fish and cassava.

At another stop we had black chickpea curry with tasty little lentil flour fritters and mango lassi, the refreshing cool yogurt and fruit “smoothie.” We also visited a Bangladeshi market filled with all kinds of fresh and packaged foods, including sauces and flavorings, varieties of lentils and rice, and a huge assortment of fresh vegetables and fruits. Then to my delight, we stopped at a sweet shop where our guide bought some cream and coconut covered gulab jamun, popular in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and for many years my favorite Indian dessert. Gulab jamun are little fried dough balls made of milk powder, semolina flour and rosewater, floating in sweet syrup like little extra-sweet doughnut holes.

At our final stop, another excellent Pakistani restaurant run entirely by men, as we waited for the outstanding chicken, lentils, spiced spinach and biriyani, (flavored rice,) our guide brought out a spice box and a mortar and pestle to play a little game with me and Wayne, challenging us to identify each spice by color, texture and aroma after she ground each spice while our eyes were closed. We did surprisingly well identifying the cumin seeds, cardamom, cinnamon bark and turmeric, but we got a little stumped by the masala, which is a mixture of several spices. Our charming guide seemed startled by our knowledge of East Asian spices, but this wasn’t our first Indian rodeo. You are welcome to read one of my earliest blogs, August 2016, “Eating in India.”

We cherish international art almost as much as we love the foods of the world, and London is the place to see some of the world’s best paintings, sculptures, monuments and historic artifacts. No one can deny that London has some of the best art galleries in the world, though it saddens me to point out that many of these priceless treasures were pilfered from their original owners during the dark days of Colonialism, when the British Empire stretched around the globe.
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Let’s start at the National Gallery, right on Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster in Central London. This location, a central meeting place since 1200, was transformed into its current Neoclassical appearance in 1844. The focal point of the square is the monumental statue of Admiral Nelson, hero of the British victory over the French at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, a pivotal point in the Napoleonic Wars. The National Gallery and the Church of St. Martin-In-The-Fields, also examples of Neoclassical architecture, are sited at right angles to each other on the square.

If you are not an expert on art but would like to learn more in a pleasant, relaxing and free (yes, free!) setting, The National Gallery is the place for you. The National Gallery’s collection focuses only on paintings, 2,300 of them, spanning the history of European art from the mid Thirteenth Century to 1900. Some of the most famous paintings in the world are in this outstanding collection. The National Gallery is very popular with the British, as two of England’s own favorite sons in the world of art, John Constable and Thomas Gainsborough, are included in this world-class collection among the likes of Leonardo da Vinci (Virgin of the Rocks,) Michelangelo (The Entombment of Christ,) and Peter Paul Rubens (“Samson and Delilah.”) And yes, you can view Vincent van Gogh’s Sunflowers at the National Gallery.
 

One of my favorite pieces in The National Gallery is also one of the oldest, The Wilton Diptych, a small, rare medieval two-piece painted altarpiece of Baltic oak, hinged together, and painted on both sides. This luminous sapphire blue and gold painting, using costly lapis lazuli and vermillion coloring, completed between 1395 and 1399, was created for King Richard II of England. It depicts Richard on the left side of the Diptych, kneeling as he is being presented to the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child by St. John the Baptist, St. Edmund, an English king and saint and St. Edward the Confessor, a former King of England. The Virgin and Child, surrounded by eleven angels in a flower-filled meadow, fill the right side of the Diptych with intense blue energy. The piece is richly filled with complex historic symbolism and is a priceless example of the medieval artistic imagination executed in the style of International Gothic Art. The painter has never been identified, and is referred to only as he Wilton Master, in reference to Wilton House, the estate of the Earls of Pembroke, who owned this masterpiece and kept it in excellent condition for two hundred years.
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One of the most famous and intriguing paintings in the world also hangs in The National Gallery, the Arnolfini Portrait painted in 1434 by Jan van Eyck. This double portrait of a husband, Italian merchant Giovanni di Nicolao di Arnolfini and his wife standing in the bedroom of their home, assumed to be in Bruges where this family lived, is filled with realistic details, symbolic elements and the masterful depiction of light entering from the window and illuminating the furnishings of the dark room.

The painter, Jan van Eyck, was born in 1390 in Masseyck, now in Belgium, and his works formed a transition from the International Gothic style represented by the Wilton Diptych and the Early Northern Renaissance style, characterized by minute realistic details and portraits of ordinary people in addition to religious themes. Some art historians credit van Eyck with the invention of oil painting, which allowed the layering of paint to create his remarkable luminous effects. In the portrait of Mr. Arnolfini and his wife, van Eyck presents a wealthy couple wearing fur trimmed clothing, gold jewelry and an elegant lace head covering for the wife. Yet the portrait also suggests restraint and piety, as the couple are not overdressed or wearing large jewels, and their faithful little dog stands at their feet between them. A large brass candelabra with only one candle hangs above them as light from the window gleams on the polished brass.

A rosary hangs on the wall behind the couple, also reflecting the light from the window, and next to the rosary, a large round convex mirror reflects the couple from behind and also reveals two men in front of them, entering the room. This element has fascinated viewers for centuries. Is one of these men the painter, van Eyck himself? Who is the other man, reflected dimly in the mirror? Anyone can view online this magnificent and intricately detailed painting, in which every image seems both photographically real and simultaneously symbolic, but if you ever have the opportunity to visit London, don’t miss the National Gallery, and take a good long look at this fabulous portrait.

Now, on to the British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury neighborhood of London. It is one of the premier museums of the world, and it too is free. It is an enormous Greek Revival structure built in 1753, and it houses the largest collection in the world—eight million items, documenting all of human history, art and culture. The oldest item in the museum is the Olduvai Stone Chipping Tool, found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and estimated to be two million years old. The oldest mummy in the world, nicknamed Ginger, has been on display at the British Museum since 1901, and is dated at 3,400 BC. It is not possible in a single visit to view all of the exhibits, so I advise studying the website and a map of the museum in advance and selecting just a few items or historic eras that interest you. It is also helpful to have a guide.
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On this visit, we decided to focus on antiquities, and with the help of our guide, we viewed the most popular item in the museum, the Rosetta Stone, as well as the Sculptures from the Parthenon, a collection of silver platters, bowls and spoons from the ancient Roman occupation of Britain found in a farmer’s field, the Hinton St. Mary mosaic, also from Roman Britain, and perhaps the only representation of Christ in ancient pavement, as well as artifacts, including the famous helmet, from the 1,400 year old Anglo-Saxon Sutton Hoo ship burial, discovered in 1939, and the richest burial ever found in Northern Europe.
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As I mentioned earlier, many of the antiquities in the British Museum were obtained through questionable means. The Rosetta Stone, a stone stele, or monument, from Memphis in Egypt and dated 196 BC, is world famous in the history of deciphering ancient written languages. It contains a text inscribed on the stone in three different languages, ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, Demotic script and ancient Greek. The Rosetta Stone has fascinated linguistic scholars since the British confiscated it from the French in 1801 after the defeat of the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt by the British. A French military officer had discovered the stone two years earlier, and apparently neither the French nor the English cared in the least that the Rosetta Stone actually belonged to Egypt.
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A similar story can be told about the magnificent marble sculptures that once graced the Parthenon in Greece and are now exquisitely displayed in the British Museum in a room specifically designed to imitate the Parthenon itself. This display is truly breathtaking and contains some of the finest marble sculptures in world history perfectly depicting human figures in a style that has never been replicated. However, the Greek government would like them back, and as recently as this year, Greece has continued its demand that England relinquish these priceless components of the ancient Greek heritage, dubiously obtained from the Parthenon in Athens by Lord Elgin in 1812.

Less controversy surrounds the Victoria and Albert Museum, fondly referred to by the British as the V&A. The V&A, established in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert, is the largest museum of design and the applied arts in the world, with a collection of more than two million objects. Visitors to this free museum can wander through rooms filled with jewelry, clothing, textiles, wallpapers, tapestries, China, ceramics, silver, furniture, photography and other applied arts from a variety of historic periods. The Arts and Crafts movement, which evolved during the Victorian period, extolling the inherent beauty of nature, simplicity, quality materials and craftsmanship is well represented at the V&A, including the works of the British Victorian designer, William Morris. In fact, Morris designed one of the charming cafes at the V&A, and books about Morris and items adorned with his beautiful floral designs are available in the gift shop. The V&A is the place where you will want to linger over lunch, coffee, tea or afternoon sweets. In addition, visiting the Victoria and Albert Museum was one of the primary factors motivating our entire trip to England.
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​We wanted to visit the special exhibit, “Beatrix Potter: Drawn to Nature” mentioned by Kathleen in her April 2022 blog. This charming exhibit, which will remain at the V&A until January 2023, provides a warm, affectionate and comprehensive overview of the life, literature, art and social advocacy of Beatrix Potter, a remarkable British woman who made the world a better place for children, adults and animals for generations to come. Born into a wealthy family in 1866, Beatrix enjoyed a happy childhood with summer vacations in Scotland and England’s Lake District where her love for animals, nature, and scientific investigation thrived. As the author of twenty-three children’s stories, including The Tale of Peter Rabbit, which she illustrated herself, she became a wealthy woman in her own right and was able to purchase large tracts of land in The Lake District where she enjoyed gardening, cooking and caring for her farm animals. Upon her death in 1943, Beatrix bequeathed her original illustrations and 4,000 acres of land, including sixteen farms, cottages, herds of cattle and Herdwick sheep, a breed she help to rescue from near extinction, to the National Trust. Today this generous gift is included in the Lake District National Park.

The V&A’s Beatrix Potter exhibit is filled with photographs, personal letters, paintings, books and other personal artifacts related to Beatrix and her life, charmingly arranged with cute little mice and other animals (projected photographically,) running around the room. Kathleen’s April blog also mentions The Beatrix Potter Country Cooking Book, by Sara Paston-Williams, and Kathleen was kind enough to send a copy to me. This beautifully illustrated book, with photographs and original Beatrix Potter illustrations, captures the spirit of traditional English rural life in the Lake Country, including references to the animal characters in Beatrix’s many tales. As we say a poignant goodbye to England, it is my pleasure to share this simple, old fashioned summer dessert adapted from The Beatrix Potter Country Cooking Book using the fruits and berries that Beatrix loved to grow in her own garden.

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• 2 tablespoons butter
• 3 tablespoons honey
• 2 large firm apples
• 1 pint of blackberries (8 ounces)
• ½ cup (1 stick) butter, at room temperature
• ½ cup light brown sugar
• 2 large eggs, lightly beaten
• 1 cup self-rising flour
• 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
• Cooking spray for the pan

 

Special equipment: large mixing bowl, medium sized mixing bowl, electric mixer, sieve or flour sifter, 9-inch springform pan, sprayed with cooking spray, lined with 2 layers of parchment cut to fit and the bottom sealed with a double layer of foil, foil-lined cookie sheet, apple peeler, paring knife, rubber spatula, bamboo skewer, wire cooling rack, large decorative platter

1. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Mix together the 2 tablespoons of butter and 3 tablespoons of honey and spread the mixture over the bottom of the parchment-lined cake pan. Peel and core the apples and cut them into small pieces. Arrange the chopped apples with the blackberries over the honey and butter in the cake pan.
2. Sift the self-rising flour and the cinnamon into a medium bowl and set aside. In a large mixing bowl with an electric mixer, beat the butter and brown sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs until just combined. Gently fold the flour mixture into the butter mixture a little at a time with a rubber spatula. Beat on low speed until no flour is visible. Carefully spoon the batter over the fruit in the pan and smooth the top with the rubber spatula. Place the pan on the foil-lined cookie sheet, as juices are likely to drip out of the pan. Bake for about 40-45 minutes until golden brown. Test for doneness with a bamboo skewer.
3. Cool the cake on a wire rack for about 10-15 minutes. When cool enough to handle, place the serving platter upside down over the cake pan, gripping the pan and the platter carefully, and quickly turn the cake pan over onto the serving platter, leaving it in place for 2-3 minutes to allow all the juices and fruit to drip onto the cake. Remove the pan and parchment. Serve warm with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. Serves 6-8.